好奇为什么 · 4-8 岁

潮汐为什么会涨落

月亮、太阳与旋转的海岸

科普启蒙约 5 分钟4-8 岁中英双语

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清晨的沙滩上，小雨用贝壳画下水线：“妈妈，海水怎么退远了？”

On the beach that morning, Xiaoyu marked the waterline with a shell. “Mom, why has the sea moved farther away?”

清晨的沙滩上，小雨用贝壳画下水线：“妈妈，海水怎么退远了？”

On the beach that morning, Xiaoyu marked the waterline with a shell. “Mom, why has the sea moved farther away?”

傍晚再来，水线又靠近了。小雨抱住妈妈：潮汐为什么会涨落？

When they returned in the evening, the waterline was closer again. Xiaoyu hugged Mom. “Why do the tides rise and fall?”

妈妈说：月球的引力遍及地球，近处和远处受力略不同，海水因此形成两处隆起。

Mom explained, “The Moon’s gravity reaches across Earth. It pulls a little differently at different places, making two broad ocean bulges.”

一处隆起朝着月球，另一处在背向月球的一边；不是只吸起正下方的海水。

One bulge faces the Moon, and the other is on the far side of Earth. The Moon is not simply lifting water right below itself.

太阳也有引力。月球、太阳和地球排成一线时，潮差常较大；方向成直角时，潮差常较小。

The Sun has gravity too. When the Sun, Moon, and Earth line up, the difference between high and low tide is often larger. At a right angle, it is often smaller.

地球自转，让海岸轮流经过高低潮；海岸形状和水深也会改变潮汐。

As Earth spins, coasts pass through high and low tides. Coastline shape and water depth also change each tide.

下午水线果然远了。小雨说：“月球、太阳、自转和海岸都在影响潮汐！”

That afternoon the waterline was farther out. “The Moon, Sun, Earth’s spin, and the coast all shape the tides!” said Xiaoyu.

小雨抬头问：“白天为什么看不见星星呢？”

Xiaoyu looked up and asked, “Then why can’t we see the stars in daytime?”

月球和太阳的引力、地球自转以及海岸地形共同影响潮汐。

The Moon, Sun, Earth’s rotation, and the shape of a coast all influence the tides.

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